Development and integration of a hierarchical Pd/WO3 acetone-sensing device for real-time exhaled breath monitoring with disposable face mask

This study introduces an inventive acetone-sensing device seamlessly integrated into a disposable face mask, enabling real-time continuous breath monitoring. The sensor demonstrates exceptional sensitivity, registering a response of 8.22 at 1 ppm and an impressive sensor response of 57.33 at 100 ppm acetone concentration. Particularly noteworthy is the remarkable lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.076 ppm within the concentration range of 0.1-0.8 ppm, underscored by a robust R2 value of 0.994. To validate practicality, the Pd/WO3 sensor was incorporated onto cellulose paper and utilized for real-time breath analysis, yielding a substantial sensor response of 1.70 at 8 vol.% (equivalent to a single breath volume). The unique design incorporates a built-in disposable face mask, facilitating dependable and convenient real-time breath analysis. Additionally, this research explores the profound impact of introducing acetone and Pd atoms on the energy levels and dipole moments. The species elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) investigations encompassing WO3, WO3-acetone, Pd-WO3, and Pd-WO3-acetone species. This work presents an innovative and cost-effective approach for developing a portable, non-invasive, and highly sensitive acetone-sensing device, effectively integrated into a disposable face mask for real-time breath analysis. This pioneering technology holds immense potential for various applications in healthcare and beyond. Significant environmental ramifications result from this research's focus on developing a sensing device coupled with a disposable face mask for real-time continuous exhaling breath monitoring. A cheap and portable way to track acetone levels in breath analysis is to utilize Pd/WO3 material on cellulose paper as a substrate. By providing real-time, non-invasive breath monitoring, this gadget assists in identifying and controlling acetone exposure in a variety of environments. It improves environmental monitoring capabilities with an anticipated limit of detection (LOD) of 0.076 ppm. Overall, this study addresses environmental problems brought on by acetone exposure and encourages the protection of human health.