Rates of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis at the University of Missouri.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis contributes significantly to morbidity and modalityfailure. The number of patients on PD is declining in Western countries, and peritonitis is a potential deterrent to the therapy. Here, we present a clinically significant decline in the rate of peritonitis at a single center over a 28-year period, with current rates significantly lower than the national average, and we review several factors that have contributed to those outcomes. Peritonitis and duration of follow-up have been recorded for all patients followed in our program since 1977. Introduction of important technological changes into the program were also recorded. All peritonitis rates are expressed as episodes/patient-year or episodes/n patient-months. Data are summarized for each calendar year since 1977. We followed 682 patients for a total follow-up duration of 15,435 patient-months. Glass bottles were changed to plastic bags in 1978. Straight connecting tubes were replaced by Y-sets in 1988. The presternal dialysis catheter was introduced in 1991 and has been the primary PD access since 1995. The peritonitis rate in 1977 was 5.8 episodes/patient-year, and that rate has progressively declined over the past 27 years to 0.35 episodes/patient-year in 2004. Technical improvements that contributed to the decline in overall peritonitis rates have been adopted nationwide. The largest improvement occurred with the switch from glass bottles to plastic bags, and to the closed-system Y-set that incorporated the flush-before-fill principle. Advances in catheter technology have also played a key role. Quality improvement in the program and long years of experience in overall care of PD patients are significant factors that cannot be measured quantitatively. Improvements have been made to exit-site care protocols, to exit-site evaluation and diagnosis, and to treatment strategies. Patient education and training in catheter care remain the important factor in a PD program. Many factors have contributed to the reduction of PD-associated peritonitis rates at our center Improved connectology, catheter care, and patient education play key roles in the reduction of peritonitis.