MMO Coated Titanium Anodes for Cathodic Protection

Abstract Not all mixed metal oxide (MMO) coated titanium anodes are the same. MMO coatings have different compositions, some of which perform better for specific applications. Certain environments can cause increased wear rates or anode fouling. The performance of iridium oxide and ruthenium oxide coatings are compared. In addition to the coating, preparation of the titanium substrate, application of the coating, lead wire insulation, electrical connection and quality control procedures have substantial impact on anode performance and life. Case histories for underground conventional and concrete cathodic protection applications are included.