This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis Postnatal mechanisms of blood vessel formation Physiologic and pathologic postnatal angiogenesis Assays of angiogenesis Angiogenic growth factors Neural and vascular system regulators Chemokines and other angiogenic molecules Inhibitors of angiogenesis Cryptic regulators of angiogenesis Lymphangiogenesis Pulmonary vascular remodeling Angiogenesis in cardiac growth and hypertrophy Angiogenesis and cardiac mass regulation Factors influencing myocardial angiogenesis Angiogenesis after myocardial infarction Therapeutic regulation of collaterals Angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaques and chronic vascular inflammation Putting it all together: making arteries grow and blocking plaque angiogenesis Future applications