Understanding the physiology of folliculogenesis serves as the foundation for perfecting diagnosis and treatment of ovulatory defects.

Purpose To discuss updated physiologic information concerning the mechanism of folliculogenesis. Methods Physiology studies involving the growth of primordial follicular growth and pre-antral growth to the development of the corpus luteum are discussed. Results Benefits in aiding fertility potential and pitfalls of these drugs in preventing embryo implantation are discussed with reference to the physiologic processes required for folliculogenesis. Conclusions Knowledge of the physiology of folliculogenesis can provide further understanding of luteal function when taking follicle maturing drugs and complications, as premature luteinization and the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome. Also, this knowledge helps to create novel therapies to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, endometrial receptivity defects, and treating women with diminished oocyte reserve.