Phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical applications of the traditional Chinese herb Pseudobulbus Cremastrae seu Pleiones (Shancigu): A review

Pseudobulbus Cremastrae seu Pleiones (PCsP) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine known as “Shancigu” in China. It has the property of relieving fever, counteracting toxicity, dissipating phlegm and resolving masses. Officially recognized species of PCsP include Pleione bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe (PB), Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino (CA), and Pleione yunnanensis (Rolfe) Rolfe (PY). Approximately, 234 compounds have been isolated and identified from PCsP. The most thoroughly investigated constituents are stilbenes (bibenzyls and phenanthrenes) and glucosyloxybenzyl succinate derivatives. Other compounds include lignans, flavonoids, and simple phenolics. The extracts and purified compounds of PCsP have exhibited anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antioxidant potentials. Furthermore, pharmacological investigations support its traditional use for treating cancer. However, there is not enough data on the toxicity and quality control of this important herb. Moreover, the mechanism of action of active compounds and extracts need to be studied, with special attention to the effectiveness of PCsP against cancer. This review article aims to provide a critical overview of the botanical description, traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical studies to provide a solid base for further research and development.