Advancements and Challenges in Tissue Engineering of Heart Valves: From Bio‐Printing to Clinical Applications Review

ABSTRACT Tissue engineering of heart valves (TEHV) presents a promising solution for cardiac deficiencies caused by various conditions. This review examines recent advancements in biodegradable polymers, hydrogels, and bioactive substances that enhance valve integrity and promote cell proliferation. Utilizing three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting has enabled the development of valve structures that closely mimic the natural extracellular matrix, significantly improving biocompatibility. Evaluations indicate that TEHVs integrate with host tissues 30% better than traditional valves. However, scalability and immune response remain critical issues to address. This review highlights these advancements and identifies emerging trends, such as the increasing use of novel materials and technologies. Additionally, it points out existing research gaps that warrant further investigation. Ongoing developments suggest a bright future for TEHVs in clinical applications, potentially leading to substantial improvements in patient outcomes.