Correlation between metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The main goal of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to examine the correlation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hyperuricemia. All studies available in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were obtained within the retrieval timeframe ending on December 9, 2023. Utilizing the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), the included studies underwent quality appraisal, and Stata v14 software was employed for the subsequent data analysis. A total of 40 studies, covering 214,091 patients, were selected based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis revealed a substantial association between MetS and hyperuricemia (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.25, 95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.19-4.26, P<0.001). The metabolically abnormal overweight/obese group (MUHOWO) exhibited a heightened risk of hyperuricemia (OR = 3.54, 95%CI 2.66-4.71, P=0.002). Additionally, hyperuricemia increased the likelihood of developing MetS (OR = 2.13, 95%CI 1.63-2.79, P<0.001). Stratified by gender, hyperuricemia elevated the risk of MetS in both men (OR = 1.92, 95%CI 1.43-2.58, P<0.001) and women (OR = 2.13, 95%CI 1.62-2.8, P<0.001). This meta-analysis and systematic review robustly affirm a significant bidirectional association between MetS and hyperuricemia. The increased risk observed, especially in MUHOWO and across gender lines, underscores the clinical relevance. Addressing metabolic syndrome emerges as crucial in preventing and managing hyperuricemia, and vice versa. These findings offer valuable insights, urging further research into underlying mechanisms for more targeted interventions and personalized treatments in clinical practice.