BAMS-FE: Band-by-Band Adaptive Multiscale Superpixel Feature Extraction for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Superpixel segmentation has emerged as a prominent approach for simultaneous extraction of spatial-spectral features in hyperspectral imagery, exhibiting considerable efficacy in this domain. Although effective in spatial spectrum feature extraction, the existing feature extraction algorithms typically perform superpixel segmentation on a single band, failing to utilize the rich spectral and spatial information available across more bands. Moreover, current superpixel feature extraction methods lack scientific guidance for determining optimal multiscale parameters, which can lead to suboptimal segmentation and increased complexity of hyperspectral analysis. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a novel band-by-band adaptive multiscale superpixel feature extraction method (BAMS-FE). The method comprises of two key components: a band-by-band superpixel-based feature extraction method and an adaptive optimal superpixel multiscale determination method. Firstly, the band-by-band superpixel-based feature extraction method performs superpixel segmentation for each band of hyperspectral images, thereby extracting joint spatial and spectral features. Secondly, the adaptive optimal superpixel multiscale determination method uses an unsupervised approach to determine the optimal multiscale superpixel segmentation parameters. Finally, the BAMS algorithm is obtained by combining the above two algorithms. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on five different datasets, and the results demonstrate its excellent precision and stability. With the top 99% principal components post PCA transformation or with raw, unprocessed hyperspectral datasets, stable and satisfactory classification performance is achieved by BAMS. Additionally, we compared its performance with several other state-of-the-art algorithms and found that it outperformed them in terms of accuracy. Our code will be publicly available at https://github.com/UPCGIT/BAMS-FE.