A review of the advances and prospects of aqueous Dual-Ion batteries

Aqueous dual-ion batteries (ADIBs) using aqueous electrolytes at different concentrations have several favorable characteristics over non-aqueous batteries, including intrinsic safety, high power density, environmental friendliness and easy recovery. Benefiting from these merits, ADIBs have broad application prospects in the future of large-scale energy storage. However, due to the oxygen/hydrogen evolution and other side reactions on the electrodes, which results in traditional aqueous electrolytes still suffer from low working voltages, poor electrode material stability, and narrow voltage windows. Therefore, research on ADIBs is still in the initial stage, and further development of these ADIBs requires additional research. This review aims to summarize and analyze the current research progress on ADIBs, involving reaction mechanisms, electrolytes, cathodes/anodes and corresponding carriers. Typical ADIBs, which are based on univalent/polyvalent cations and involve various selected anions, are evaluated here as the primary examples. The objective is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of ADIBs. In conclusion, future high-performance ADIBs are discussed, along with potential design strategies. This review aims to encourage practical application in the future.