An Evaluation of Carbon Nanotube-based and Activated Carbon-based Nanocomposites for Fluoride and Other Pollutant Removal from Water: A Review

Abstract: Water is the most critical component of the earth's ecosystem because it is fundamental to the survival of plants and animals. However, our water supply is continuously polluting. Removing contaminants from water is a crucial part of addressing water scarcity and maintaining a healthy ecosystem for all. This review focuses on adsorption and the CNTs/AC family nano adsorbents and their contribution to the removal of fluoride and other contaminants. Many types of wastewater treatment methods have been employed, including precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration, etc. A water technology with great efficiency and low cost, without requiring costly infrastructure, is the most preferred option due to adsorption. Recently, the application of carbon family nanomaterials as adsorbents has been prevalent due to their phenomenal surface properties, simple customization, immense specific surface area, numerous variations in structural type, chemical stability, porosity, low density, ease of regeneration, and the ability to be reused. Hazardous contaminants, such as fluoride, generate major public health risks. Water contamination by heavy metals provides a significant health concern, including an increased chance of getting diseases like cancer, anaemia, carcinogenic effects, and acute effects in children. The increased presence of fluoride in water could cause fluorosis, joint pain, severe anaemia, and other problems. The following review focuses on current findings regarding the utilisation of CNTs and AC nanoparticles in the elimination of harmful contaminants and fluoride.