Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Longitudinal and Sustainable Analysis

BACKGROUND: The rising prevalence of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a significant health challenge, and the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) could play a key role. AIM: The aim is assess the impact of UPF consumption changes on the development and progression of MASLD in adults. DESIGN: This is a longitudinal study to assess how changes in UPF consumption affect liver fat and MASLD parameters over 6 months in 70 participants. METHODS: Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and foods were classified according to the NOVA system. Participants were divided into three groups based on UPF consumption changes: maximum (T1), medium (T2), and minimum reduction (T3). Fatty liver parameters were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography. Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) adherence and sociodemographic parameters were also recorded. The General Linear Model was used to determine relationships between UPF consumption, fatty liver disease parameters, and diet. RESULTS: Participants in T1 experienced a 7.7% reduction in intrahepatic fat content (IFC) compared to 2.6% in T3. T1 showed increased Med-diet adherence and decreased meat and sweets consumption. The energy intake decreased by 605.3 kcal/day in T1, while T3 showed an increase of 209.5 kcal/day. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing UPF consumption leads to a decrease in IFC, associated with high Med-diet adherence and low calorie intake. Adopting these dietary patterns aligns with global sustainability goals and could further benefit MASLD patients by addressing environmental challenges alongside improving liver health.