Simultaneous removal of calcium, cadmium and tetracycline from reverse osmosis wastewater by sycamore deciduous biochar, shell powder and polyurethane sponge combined with biofilm reactor

The treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate generated from urban industrial sewage for resource recovery has been hot. In this research, a biofilm reactor was constructed by combining sycamore deciduous biochar, shell powder, and polyurethane sponge loaded with Zobellella denitrificans sp. LX16. For ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), calcium (Ca2+), chemical oxygen demand (COD), cadmium (Cd2+), and tetracycline (TC), the removal efficiencies were 98.69 %, 83.95 %, 97.26 %, 98.34 %, and 69.12 % at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 h, pH of 7.0, and influent salinity, Ca2+, and TC concentrations of 1.0, 180.0, and 3.0 mg/L, respectively. The biofilm reactor packing has a three-dimensional structure to ensure good loading of microorganisms while promoting electron transfer and metabolic activity of microorganisms and increasing the pollutant tolerance and removal efficiency. The reactor provides a practical reference for the sedimentation of reverse osmosis concentrate to remove Cd2+ and TC by microbial induced calcium precipitation (MICP).