免疫系统
免疫学
医学
细胞激素风暴
疾病
免疫病理学
发病机制
炎症
冠状病毒
细胞因子
2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)
感染性休克
免疫
败血症
传染病(医学专业)
病理
作者
Li Yang,Shasha Liu,Jinyan Liu,Zhixin Zhang,Xiaochun Wan,Bo Huang,Youhai H. Chen,Yi Zhang
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41392-020-00243-2
摘要
The recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to play a critical role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. SARS-CoV-2 not only activates antiviral immune responses, but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to lymphopenia, lymphocyte dysfunction, and granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities. These SARS-CoV-2-induced immune abnormalities may lead to infections by microorganisms, septic shock, and severe multiple organ dysfunction. Therefore, mechanisms underlying immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 must be elucidated to guide clinical management of the disease. Moreover, rational management of the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which includes enhancing anti-viral immunity while inhibiting systemic inflammation, may be key to successful treatment. In this review, we discuss the immunopathology of COVID-19, its potential mechanisms, and clinical implications to aid the development of new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.
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