Purification, characterization, antioxidant and immunological activity of polysaccharide from Sagittaria sagittifolia L.

As a healthy food and traditional Chinese medicine, sagittaria sagittifolia L. has been used for a long history. Nevertheless, reports on the bioactivity and chemical characterization of S. sagittifolia L. polysaccharides are still very rare. In this paper, ultrasound-assisted method (UAE) was used to extract S. sagittifolia L. polysaccharides, after alcohol precipitation and column chromatography isolation, the structural characteristics, antioxidant and immunological activities of the purified polysaccharide (SPU60-W) were preliminarily investigated. The results indicated SPU60-W (16.62 kDa) was a pyranoid polysaccharide containing α-glycosidic bond composed of mannose, xylose, and glucose with a molar ratio of 2.69: 2.04: 95.27. It consisted of slender wormlike strands, which may involve some degree of aggregation of helices, as well as a small proportion of irregular spherical structures. Furthermore, antioxidant activity analysis showed that SPU60-W possess excellent hydroxyl and ABTS radical scavenging activity comparable to vitamin C (Vc), and moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity. Immunity tests suggested that SPU60-W significantly promoted the proliferation, phagocytosis and NO production of mouse macrophage RAW264.7. According to this study, SPU60-W might be utilized as a potent antioxidant and immunomodulator in food and medicinal industry.