环境科学
气候学
极端气候
降水
GCM转录因子
大气科学
北半球
气候变化
热浪
地理
大气环流模式
气象学
生态学
地质学
生物
作者
Hugh S. Baker,Richard Millar,David J. Karoly,Urs Beyerle,Benoît P. Guillod,Dann Mitchell,Hideo Shiogama,Sarah Sparrow,Tim Woollings,Myles Allen
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41558-018-0190-1
摘要
The Paris Agreement1 aims to ‘pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels.’ However, it has been suggested that temperature targets alone are insufficient to limit the risks associated with anthropogenic emissions2,3. Here, using an ensemble of model simulations, we show that atmospheric CO2 increase—an even more predictable consequence of emissions than global temperature increase—has a significant direct impact on Northern Hemisphere summer temperature, heat stress, and tropical precipitation extremes. Hence in an iterative climate mitigation regime aiming solely for a specific temperature goal, an unexpectedly low climate response may have corresponding ‘dangerous’ changes in extreme events. The direct impact of higher CO2 concentrations on climate extremes therefore substantially reduces the upper bound of the carbon budget, and highlights the need to explicitly limit atmospheric CO2 concentration when formulating allowable emissions. Thus, complementing global mean temperature goals with explicit limits on atmospheric CO2 concentrations in future climate policy would limit the adverse effects of high-impact weather extremes. A 1.5 °C temperature target can have varying atmospheric CO2 concentrations associated with it. GCM simulations reveal CO2 increases have a direct impact on climate extremes, highlighting the need for climate policy to complement temperature goals with CO2 targets.
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