图像传感器
表征(材料科学)
单光子雪崩二极管
光电子学
二极管
雪崩二极管
材料科学
CMOS芯片
CMOS传感器
光子计数
硅光电倍增管
像素
电气工程
物理
雪崩光电二极管
光学
纳米技术
探测器
工程类
击穿电压
电压
作者
Cristiano Niclass,A. Rochas,P.‐A. Besse,Edoardo Charbon
出处
期刊:IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits
[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]
日期:2005-09-01
卷期号:40 (9): 1847-1854
被引量:318
标识
DOI:10.1109/jssc.2005.848173
摘要
The design and characterization of an imaging system is presented for depth information capture of arbitrary three-dimensional (3-D) objects. The core of the system is an array of 32 /spl times/ 32 rangefinding pixels that independently measure the time-of-flight of a ray of light as it is reflected back from the objects in a scene. A single cone of pulsed laser light illuminates the scene, thus no complex mechanical scanning or expensive optical equipment are needed. Millimetric depth accuracies can be reached thanks to the rangefinder's optical detectors that enable picosecond time discrimination. The detectors, based on a single photon avalanche diode operating in Geiger mode, utilize avalanche multiplication to enhance light detection. On-pixel high-speed electrical amplification can therefore be eliminated, thus greatly simplifying the array and potentially reducing its power dissipation. Optical power requirements on the light source can also be significantly relaxed, due to the array's sensitivity to single photon events. A number of standard performance measurements, conducted on the imager, are discussed in the paper. The 3-D imaging system was also tested on real 3-D subjects, including human facial models, demonstrating the suitability of the approach.
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