Role of the Adventitia in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling

外膜 细胞生物学 成纤维细胞 细胞外基质 血管平滑肌 调节器 祖细胞 成纤维细胞生长因子 细胞外 生物 病理 解剖 干细胞 医学 体外 平滑肌 内分泌学 受体 生物化学 基因
作者
Kurt R. Stenmark,Neil Davie,Maria G. Frid,Evgenia Gerasimovskaya,Mita Das
出处
期刊:Physiology [American Physiological Society]
卷期号:21 (2): 134-145 被引量:201
标识
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00053.2005
摘要

An increasing volume of experimental data indicates that the adventitial fibroblast, in both the pulmonary and systemic circulations, is a critical regulator of vascular wall function in health and disease. A rapidly emerging concept is that the vascular adventitia acts as biological processing center for the retrieval, integration, storage, and release of key regulators of vessel wall function. In response to stress or injury, resident adventitial cells can be activated and reprogrammed to exhibit different functional and structural behaviors. In fact, under certain conditions, the adventitial compartment may be considered the principal injury-sensing tissue of the vessel wall. In response to vascular stresses such as overdistension and hypoxia, the adventitial fibroblast is activated and undergoes phenotypic changes, which include proliferation, differentiation, upregulation of contractile and extracellular matrix proteins, and release of factors that directly affect medial smooth muscle cell tone and growth and that stimulate recruitment of inflammatory and progenitor cells to the vessel wall. Each of these changes in fibroblast phenotype modulates either directly or indirectly changes in overall vascular function and structure. The purpose of this review is to present the current evidence demonstrating that the adventitial fibroblast acts as a key regulator of pulmonary vascular function and structure from the “outside-in.”
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