OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of thrombopoietin (Tpo) and its receptor c-mpl in bone marrow from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP). METHODS: Non-radioactive in situ hybridization was used to detect tpo, c-mpl mRNA. Immune cytochemistry was used to detect MPL on megakaryocyte. RESULTS: The expression of tpo, c-mpl mRNA in bone marrow and MPL on megakaryocyte in patients with ITP was increased. CONCLUSION: c-mpl mRNA was regulated at transcriptional level. A negative feedback loop was involved in the regulation of megakaryopoiesis in bone marrow. MPL may be involved in the regulation of circulating Tpo.