Designing pollen inspired OPH enclosed micro particles for reducing insecticide toxicity in Bombusimpatiens ( Bumblebees) : A review

Honey bee (Apis) is an important pillar of ecosystem.They act as primary pollinators for more than 85% of food crops, herbaceous trees and small bushes.Majority of forest ecosystem is dependent upon seeds,berries and fruits which is possible because of pollination carried out by the bees.Honey bee is an inevitably important part of the ecosystem and to maintain that harmony, our primary pollinators must be prevented from the toxicity of today's chemical pesticides.Honeybees exposure to either lethal or sublethal dosage of these pesticides can directly impact global food security.During crop pollination, primary pollinators can be exposed to various harmful pesticides.This review highlights the construction of pollen inspired microparticles enclosed with enzyme Organohosphodiesterase hydrolase (OPH) [4][10] .The microparticle was designed to be pH inducible so that it gets activated only in the digestive system of honeybees and nowhere else.The microparticle was stable and loading efficiency was found to be around 90%. Microcolonies of Bombus impatiens were used for in vivo testing.It was observed that bumblebee which was fed with OPH-PIM (Organophosphodiesterase-hydrolase-Pollen Inspired Microparticle)survived where as the one fed with just pesticides and sugar died within 4-5 days.This study can further help us to explore different ways by which such studies can be applied for agricultural purpose.