Regenerative Functional Microspheres for Aesthetic Medicine: Mechanism, Materials, Fabrication, and Clinical Applications

With the progressive shift of minimally invasive aesthetic medicine toward regeneration-oriented therapeutic paradigms, injectable materials have evolved from providing simple volumetric augmentation to enabling tissue remodeling and long-term structural improvement. Regenerative functional microspheres, as representative biostimulatory injectable materials have demonstrated expanding clinical value in facial rejuvenation, skin texture enhancement, and scar repair. However, studies on different material systems remain fragmented with respect to their mechanisms of action, manufacturing strategies, and clinical outcomes, and the lack of systematic integration and cross-comparison has hindered manufacturing standardization and standardized clinical application. Focusing on aesthetic medical applications, this review systematically summarizes the regenerative mechanisms, major material systems, fabrication strategies, and clinical evidence of regenerative functional microspheres. Centered on the critical clinical effects of biostimulation and collagen remodeling, this review highlights recent advances in regenerative mechanisms and material design, outlines the influence of key fabrication technologies on product uniformity and safety, and systematically analyzes major clinical indications and therapeutic characteristics, while also discussing key challenges and future development trends in this field. This review aims to provide a structured overview to guide material design, process optimization, and clinical translation of regenerative microspheres, offering a reference framework for innovation and application of regenerative aesthetic materials.