A Comprehensive Review on Carbon Nanotubes Based Smart Nanocomposites Sensors for Various Novel Sensing Applications

Development of smart nanocomposites by reinforcing carbon nanomaterials into polymer composite materials has gained significant attention due to their extensive potential applications, especially in the field of monitoring of mechanical, aerospace and infrastructure systems. These smart nanocomposites exhibit excellent electro-mechanical sensing capability. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with outstanding electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties can be reinforced into polymer composite materials by appropriate dispersion to produce polymer/CNTs-based smart nanocomposites with excellent sensitivity. Understanding the processing, characterization and properties of the nanocomposites will help in yielding a deeper insight into the effect of incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the matrix of the polymer composites. This study provides a comprehensive overview (primarily in the last 2 decades) of the major influencing factors on the underlying mechanisms involved in the fabrication and performance of nanocomposites which can cause a paradigm shift in instrumentation and sensing for structural health monitoring (SHM). Therefore, this review article presents the recent advancement in the development of CNTs-reinforced polymer nanocomposites-based sensors encompassing the mechanism for electrical conductivity/piezo properties, fabrication, applications for various types of sensing, and the futuristic application for smart sensing through appropriate tailoring of nanocomposites using CNTs.