Graphene-incorporated hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel as a controlled Senexin A delivery system.

Perivascular delivery of therapeutic agents against established aetiologies for occlusive vascular remodelling has great therapeutic potential for vein graft failure. However, none of the perivascular drug delivery systems tested experimentally have been translated into clinical practice. In this study, we established a novel strategy to locally and sustainably deliver the cyclin-dependent kinase 8/19 inhibitor Senexin A (SenA), an emerging drug candidate to treat occlusive vascular disease, using graphene oxide-hybridised hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels. We demonstrated an approach to accommodate SenA in hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels through utilising graphene oxide nanosheets allowing for non-covalent interaction with SenA. The resulting hydrogels produced sustained delivery of SenA over 21 days with tunable release kinetics. In vitro assays also demonstrated that the hydrogels were biocompatible. This novel graphene oxide-incorporated hyaluronic acid hydrogel offers an optimistic outlook as a perivascular drug delivery system for treating occlusive vascular diseases, such as vein graft failure.