Exploring the use of rehabilitation in individuals with head and neck cancer undergoing treatment: a scoping review

Explore the use, characteristics, feasibility, and functional outcomes of rehabilitation interventions used for individuals with head and neck cancer (HNC) during treatment.Searches were conducted in four databases from Jan 2011 to Dec 31, 2022. Included studies had to include adults with HNC undergoing treatment, a rehabilitation intervention, an assessment of functional outcome(s) addressed by the International Classification of Functioning Framework (ICF) and be published in English language. Title and abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction were completed independently, in duplicate. Descriptive statistics and a qualitative synthesis summarized findings.Twenty-seven studies were included in this review. The majority of studies were randomized controlled trials (70%). Most individuals represented in the included studies were males (92% of all participants) between 50 and 60 years of age. Interventions led by a speech language pathologist (33%) were most commonly described. Sixteen studies (59%) described primary outcomes that fit the ICF "impairment" domain.We identified few studies that explored the use, feasibility, and effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for individuals with HNC during treatment. Future research should assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions on functional outcomes beyond the ICF body function and structure domain.Rehabilitation for individuals with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) undergoing treatment should not only focus on impairment outcomes but also evaluate activity and participation outcomes as these directly impact overall function.Rehabilitation for individuals with HNC undergoing treatment should include a coordinated team of multidisciplinary rehabilitation professionals to optimize whole-body functioning.Studies on rehabilitation during HNC treatment should report more specifically on intervention adherence, safety, cohort retention, and fidelity.