Mucus-Inspired Underwater-Enhanced Amphiphilic Liquid-Like Fluorocarbon Composite Coating: Antifouling and Anti-icing Cycle Durability

) and ice adhesion strength (∼10.0 ± 0.9 kPa after 20 icing/deicing cycles). The presence of multiple hydrogen bonds within PFDNK effectively enhances its mechanical properties, achieving a tensile stress of 12.9 MPa and an elongation at break of 608%. Furthermore, under solar irradiation, K-WC endows the coating with photothermal properties, enabling exceptional contact-killing efficacy and ice-melting capability. PFDNK demonstrates outstanding frost- and snow-resistant performance under real-world low-temperature conditions, maintains excellent antifouling durability for approximately 240 days in marine environments, presents a promising solution for marine equipment spanning temperate and low-temperature zones, and expands applications in the marine industry.