Rational phosphating layer design in biomass-derived hard carbons toward fast charging capability of sodium ion battery anodes

at 10 C, significantly exceeding the performance of recently reported bamboo powder-based hard carbon. The assembled pouch cell maintained stable cycling for 1000 cycles at 0.5 C. This work provides guidance from the perspective of SEI regulation and design for enhancing the fast-charging performance of biomass-derived hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries.