Review on ultrasound-enhanced activation of persulfate/peroxymonosulfate in hybrid advanced oxidation technologies

The evolution of the modern world necessitates the establishment of diverse industrial sectors, but it is crucial to prioritize sustainability in the process. Many of these industries discharge organic pollutants indiscriminately into aqueous environments, contributing to human and aquatic health consequences. The incorporation of advanced oxidation processes has emerged as a strategy for removing organic contaminants present in wastewater. Sonolytic degradation, a form of advanced oxidation process (AOP), effectively tackles organic pollutants in wastewater, yet it comes with inherent limitations. In addressing limitations, hybrid techniques integrating ultrasound with other AOPs enhance efficiency in wastewater pollutant removal. The combination of ultrasound in conjunction with AOPs, such as heterogeneous approaches like ultrasound combined with metal ions, metal oxides, and photocatalysis, as well as homogeneous methods like ultrasound paired with peroxymonosulfate and persulfate, effectively breaks down organic pollutants. This review emphasizes the efficacy of ultrasound-based hybrid techniques for degrading organic pollutants in aqueous solutions, highlighting their distinct advantages in water treatment.