材料科学
质子化
催化作用
氨
氨生产
过渡金属
电化学
氢氧化物
拉曼光谱
Atom(片上系统)
金属
无机化学
离子
光学
物理化学
电极
化学
冶金
有机化学
计算机科学
嵌入式系统
物理
作者
Juhyeon Park,Jayaraman Theerthagiri,Nuttapon Yodsin,Wanwisa Limphirat,Piyapa Junmon,Myong Yong Choi
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202506137
摘要
Abstract Dual single‐atom catalysts (DSACs) hold immense potential in electrochemical nitrate (NO 3 − ) reduction (EcNR) as a sustainable replacement to the Haber–Bosch process for the production of ammonia (NH 3 ). However, challenges such as synthesis complexity, low purity, scalability, and stability have hindered their practical application. Herein, a rapid and scalable method is introduced to stabilize low‐cost 3 d transition metals (Ni and Co) as DSACs on Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene in 10 min using continuous‐wave CO 2 ‐laser irradiation. Ni 2+ and Co 2+ ions are chelated and stabilized as single atoms onto an L‐tryptophan‐modified Ti 3 C 2 T x surface via metal─O and metal─N bonds, forming Ni‐single atom catalyst (SAC)/MXene, Co‐SAC/MXene, and NiCo‐DSAC/MXene. This approach enhances MXene properties, enabling the synthesis of efficient atomic‐level electrocatalysts. Potential‐resolved in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry and density functional theory reveal that EcNR proceeds through NO 3 − reduction to * NO 2 , * NO, * NH, and * NH 2 intermediates, ultimately forming NH 3 via final protonation step. This process exhibits a low limiting potential of −0.37 V, with * NO 2 protonation identified as the critical step. NiCo‐DSAC/MXene exhibited superior EcNR performance for NH 3 production in 1.0 M potassium hydroxide with sustained multiple cyclic stability. Furthermore, this catalyst is integrated into a Zn–NO 3 − a battery that simultaneously removes NO 3 − , generates energy, and synthesizes NH 3 .
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