Accelerated Pollutant Degradation by UV/H2O2 at the Air–Water Interface of Microdroplets

Ultraviolet light-induced homolysis of hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) can generate powerful hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for sustainable water purification. However, the efficiency of the conventional bulk-phase UV/H2O2 system is limited by the low yield and utilization of •OH, in turn necessitating high UV energy input and long purification period. In this study, we present an innovative UV/H2O2 microdroplet system for enhanced pollutant degradation. The degradation of pollutants in sprayed microdroplets was accelerated by 8.5–63.3-fold compared to those in bulk water, demonstrating universal effectiveness across a range of pollutant types and diverse aqueous matrices. This enhancement stems from elevated •OH production at the air–water interface due to the enhanced UV absorbance of H2O2. The production of •OH in the microdroplet system was 45-fold higher than that in bulk water, facilitating rapid •OH-mediated pollutant degradation. Moreover, pollutants accumulate at the air–water interface, where •OH is concentrated, leading to higher utilization of •OH for mediating pollutant degradation before quenching. Our findings provide a solution to overcome the bottlenecks in •OH production and utilization, offering insights for improving the efficiency of UV/H2O2 water treatment systems.