Mechanism of trigeminal neuralgia: an ultrastructural analysis of trigeminal root specimens obtained during microvascular decompression surgery

Findings were consistent with the ignition hypothesis of TN. This model can be used to explain the major positive and negative symptoms of TN by axonopathy-induced changes in the electrical excitability of afferent axons in the trigeminal root and of neuronal somata in the trigeminal ganglion. The key pathophysiological changes include ectopic impulse discharge, spontaneous and triggered afterdischarge, and crossexcitation among neighboring afferents.