In vitro antimicrobial activity of clove extract against gram negative bacteria isolated from chickens

Because of Citrobacter freundii' medical and economic value, as well as the fact that there are only a few local investigations on it, the study aimed to assess the anti-microbial activities of clove extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) and to evaluate the phytochemicals present in them, using the agar well diffusion method The antimicrobial activity was either weak or very strong with inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 21 mm in gram negative , in vitro results confirmed the efficacy of clove extract as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of its use in treatment of such bacterial infections. The findings indicate that ,besides being safe and sensorially attractive, Citrobacter freundii has antimicrobial activity, which makes it a potential substitute for chemical food preservatives. avoiding healthy hazards of chemically antimicrobial agent applications. Ethanolic extract of clove had the highest inhibitory effect against Citrobacter freundii (21) mm ,whereas aqueous extract respectively was effective against it (20.) mm, The chemical constituents of clove seeds were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). nineteen and twenty seven chemical constituents were identified based on GC-MS from clove extract(aqueous and ethanolic) .