Boosting Osmotic Energy Conversion of Graphene Oxide Membranes via Self-Exfoliation Behavior in Nano-Confinement Spaces

with a cation selectivity of 0.9 and revealing a negligible decline in power density and trade-off during a long-term operation test (∼168 h). The strategy of membrane design, employing the intrinsically self-exfoliated OFs to decorate the nanochannels, provides an alternative and facile approach for ion separation, OEH, and other nano-fluidic applications.