Recyclable lanthanide-functionalized MOF hybrids to determine hippuric acid in urine as a biological index of toluene exposure

A lanthanide-functionalized MOF with extremely high water tolerance was developed as a fluorescent probe for hippuric acid (HA) in urine which is considered as the biological indicators of toluene exposure. For the first time, the urinary HA was detected by fluorescence spectrometry based on a recyclable Ln-MOF sensor.