Advances and application of efficient physical fields in extrusion based 3D food printing technology

3D printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing technology, has the advantages of customization, digitization and personalization. At present, researchers have made significant progress in the exploration of printable materials and the improvement of printing precision in food 3D printing technology, while the use of efficient physical fields in changing printing properties of materials and improving the quality of printed products has not yet been rigorously evaluated. This paper discusses applications of efficient physical fields for improving the printability and precision of printed food materials. At the same time, efficient physical fields and the combination of efficient physical fields to induce the conversion of 3D printing of products into 4D printing (color, flavor, nutrition, shape changes) are discussed. Moreover, this paper also emphasizes the importance of efficient physical fields for drying and sterilization of 3D printed products. Pretreatment of printed materials with efficient physical fields can improve their printability and printing accuracy. Meanwhile, the combination of efficient physical fields and efficient physical fields combined with 3D printing technology can quickly realize 4D printing technology. Moreover, efficient physical field drying not only maintains the shape stability of the printed samples, but also protects the active components of the printed samples. Unfortunately, there are few studies on the sterilization of 3D printed samples by efficient physical fields. This paper provides a new ideas for the future study of physical fields combined with 3D food printing technology.