A carbon quantum layer modified BiVO4 photoelectrochemical aptamer biosensor for ultra-sensitive cTnI biomarker detection based on the interface nephelauxetic effect and heterojunction assistance

> 3). Meanwhile, the biosensor also demonstrated well the detection reproducibility and specificity for cTnI detection. Therefore, the strategy of using a carbon quantum layer-coated PEC electrode shows good potential to develop PEC biosensors with high sensitivity, specificity, and robustness.