Characterization and optimization of biogenic copper nanoparticles synthesized by Pseudomonas putida with cytocompatibility investigation

Abstract One area of science that is experiencing rapid growth is nanotechnology. The goal of nanotechnology research is to develop novel, economical, safe, and effective methods for creating nanoparticles. This study presents a green, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using the bacterium Pseudomonas putida . The biosynthesis process was optimized by manipulating the growth medium with various carbon sources, resulting in Pp-CuNPs approximately 91.28 nm in diameter with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 550 nm. Characterization techniques as Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) and High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) confirmed the successful formation and stability of the nanoparticles, with a surface charge indicating good colloidal stability. Cytocompatibility assessments demonstrated high safety of Pp-CuNPs for lung Wi38 normal cell lines, supporting their potential applications in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and environmental fields. The findings underscore the feasibility and advantages of microbial-mediated copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) production, as well as their promising biomedical and ecological applications.