Intra-operative application of ultrasonography combined with limited radiography for the treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in children: a randomized controlled trial

To introduce a new method of intra-operative application of ultrasonography (US) combined with limited radiography to treat supracondylar humerus fractures in children and evaluate its effect on radiation protection. Fifty patients were randomly divided into the radiography-only group (RO group, n = 22) and the US combined with the limited radiography group (UR group, n = 28). US was performed to evaluate fracture displacement and to guide reduction in the UR group. The primary outcome measures were the average number of radiography instances and the quantitative value of radiation emission. Secondary outcome measures were length of hospital stays, loss of range of motion, loss of carrying angle, loss of Baumann angle, fracture healing time, pin site infection, compartment syndrome, cubitus varus, cubitus valgus, and iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.Average number of radiography instances and quantitative value of radiation emission in the UR group decreased compared with the RO group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding mean time to surgery, the average length of hospital stays, average surgery time, radiological union time, Flynn grade, or loss of Baumann angle. Pin site infection was seen in one patient in the RO group and two patients in the UR group. No other complications occurred.Intra-operative application of US combined with limited radiography decreases radiation exposure during treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in children without compromising the therapeutic effect.