Accurate computed tomography-based portal pressure assessment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Background & Aims Liver resection is generally restricted to patients without clinically significant portal hypertension (Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient – HVPG – ⩽10 mmHg) and several teams perform transjugular HVPG measurements as part of the pre-operative work-up. The present study investigates whether a non-invasive Computed Tomography (CT)-based assessment could be as accurate as the invasive transjugular measurement. Methods A cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by resection (n = 36) or transplantation (n = 39) was selected (mean age: 61 ± 9.2 years, male/female ratio: 4/1). Pre-operative CTs were read by two independent investigators, and potential CT-based HVPG predictors were compared to the transjugular HVPG measurements. A validation was conducted on another cohort of 70 non-surgical patients. Results The invasive HVPG values were significantly correlated to liver/spleen volume ratio, spleen volume, platelet count, and peri-hepatic ascites (p <0.001), which all showed high inter-observer agreements (intra-class correlation coefficients ⩾0.927, Kappa ⩾0.945). The presence of a HVPG >10 mmHg was best predicted by the liver/spleen volume ratio (AUC: 0.883 [0.805–0.960]) and the peri-hepatic ascites (p <0.001). These two variables were combined into an accurate model for predicting HVPG >10 mmHg (AUC: 0.911 [0.847–0.975]), with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 92%, 79%, 91%, and 81%. The model was also accurate in the validation cohort with an AUC of 0.820 [0.719–0.921]. The computed formula was: HVPG score = 17.37 - 4.91 ∗ ln(Liver/Spleen volume ratio) + 3.8 [if presence of peri-hepatic ascites] Conclusions The proposed CT-based model showed a high accuracy in the prediction of HVPG and, if further confirmed by prospective validation, could replace the invasive transjugular assessment in patients not requiring a biopsy of the non-tumoral liver. Liver resection is generally restricted to patients without clinically significant portal hypertension (Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient – HVPG – ⩽10 mmHg) and several teams perform transjugular HVPG measurements as part of the pre-operative work-up. The present study investigates whether a non-invasive Computed Tomography (CT)-based assessment could be as accurate as the invasive transjugular measurement. A cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by resection (n = 36) or transplantation (n = 39) was selected (mean age: 61 ± 9.2 years, male/female ratio: 4/1). Pre-operative CTs were read by two independent investigators, and potential CT-based HVPG predictors were compared to the transjugular HVPG measurements. A validation was conducted on another cohort of 70 non-surgical patients. The invasive HVPG values were significantly correlated to liver/spleen volume ratio, spleen volume, platelet count, and peri-hepatic ascites (p <0.001), which all showed high inter-observer agreements (intra-class correlation coefficients ⩾0.927, Kappa ⩾0.945). The presence of a HVPG >10 mmHg was best predicted by the liver/spleen volume ratio (AUC: 0.883 [0.805–0.960]) and the peri-hepatic ascites (p <0.001). These two variables were combined into an accurate model for predicting HVPG >10 mmHg (AUC: 0.911 [0.847–0.975]), with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 92%, 79%, 91%, and 81%. The model was also accurate in the validation cohort with an AUC of 0.820 [0.719–0.921]. The computed formula was: HVPG score = 17.37 - 4.91 ∗ ln(Liver/Spleen volume ratio) + 3.8 [if presence of peri-hepatic ascites] The proposed CT-based model showed a high accuracy in the prediction of HVPG and, if further confirmed by prospective validation, could replace the invasive transjugular assessment in patients not requiring a biopsy of the non-tumoral liver.