Piwi相互作用RNA
表观遗传学
生物
染色质
组蛋白
疾病
DNA甲基化
神经退行性变
肌萎缩侧索硬化
基因沉默
体细胞
神经科学
转座因子
遗传学
基因组
医学
基因
基因表达
病理
作者
Keiko Tsuji Wakisaka,Yuzuru Imai
摘要
Small non-coding PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) silence the expression of transposable elementsof eukaryotic genomes in germline cells. Additionally, piRNAs regulate chromatin modifications, such as trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) or DNA methylation. In the past decade, the roles of piRNAs have been characterized in somatic cells, including post-mitotic neurons. More recently, piRNAs have been shown to play important roles in brain functions and various neuronal diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we introduce recent findings showing the potential involvement of piRNAs in the etiology of different neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). These pioneering studies on disease-associated small RNAs will contribute to improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative diseases and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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