Human platelets labeled at two discrete biotin densities are functional in vitro and are detected in vivo in the murine circulation: A promising approach to monitor platelet survival in vivo in clinical research

Abstract Background The production of platelet concentrates (PCs) is evolving, and their survival capacity needs in vivo evaluation. This requires that the transfused platelets (PLTs) be distinguished from those of the recipient. Labeling at various biotin (Bio) densities allows one to concurrently trace multiple PLT populations, as reported for red blood cells. Study Design and Methods A method is described to label human PLTs at two densities of Bio for future clinical trials. Injectable‐grade PLTs were prepared in a sterile environment, using injectable‐grade buffers and good manufacturing practices (GMP)‐grade Sulfo‐NHS‐Biotin. Sulfo‐NHS‐Biotin concentrations were chosen to maintain PLT integrity and avoid potential alloimmunization while enabling the detection of circulating BioPLTs. The impact of biotinylation on human PLT recirculation was evaluated in vivo in a severe immunodeficient mouse model using ex vivo flow cytometry. Results BioPLTs labeled with 1.2 or 10 μg/ml Sulfo‐NHS‐Biotin displayed normal ultrastructure and retained aggregation and secretion capacity and normal expression of the main surface glycoproteins. The procedure avoided detrimental PLT activation or apoptosis signals. Transfused human BioPLT populations could be distinguished from one another and from unlabeled circulating mouse PLTs, and their survival was comparable to that of unlabeled human PLTs in the mouse model. Conclusions Provided low Sulfo‐NHS‐Biotin concentrations (<10 μg/ml) are used, injectable‐grade BioPLTs comply with safety regulations, conserve PLT integrity, and permit accurate in vivo detection. This alternative to radioisotopes, which allows one to follow different PLT populations in the same recipient, should be valuable when assessing new PC preparations and monitoring PLT survival in clinical research.