Mitochondrial Targeting of GSDMD-N and p-MLKL Drives PANoptosis in benzo[ a ]pyrene-Induced Hepatotoxicity

release, and subsequent caspase-dependent apoptosis. Silencing either GSDMD or MLKL restored mitochondrial integrity and suppressed PANoptosis. Our work expands the conceptual framework of environmental toxicology by revealing how BaP orchestrates integrated cell death through mitochondrial targeting, offering mechanistic insight and potential therapeutic targets for PAH-induced liver injury.