Update on the diagnosis and treatment of canine demodicosis

This chapter presents a discussion of the number of Demodex species found in dogs. Historically, determining species in Demodex mites was based on morphological features and on which host harboured the species of mite. In the last few years, PCR techniques have been developed to specifically amplify Demodex DNA, and these have been utilized to distinguish species in several phylogenetic studies. The new technique for in-house diagnosis of demodicosis combines use of an acetate tape preparation with skin squeezing. The acetate preparation is more sensitive and, in addition, is less traumatic for the dogs, and is safer than scrapes, particularly in sensitive areas such around the eyes, lips or interdigital spaces. It can be performed in uncooperative or aggressive dogs, is low-cost and easy to do. Doramectin, fluralaner, and afoxolaner are used to treat generalized demodicosis in the dog.