Stomatal conductance and transpirational responses of field-grown cotton to ozone

AbstractStomatal conductance and transpiration were measured on normally‐irrigated (NI) and water‐stressed (WS) field‐grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) exposed throughout the growing season to a gradient of ozone (O3) concentrations. Environmental conditions during the growing season strongly affected stomatal responses and yield reductions due to O3exposure. Maximum stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased with increased O3concentration both in NI and WS treatments. Maximum conductance in severely O3‐stressed plants averaged 30% lower than charcoal‐filtered (control) plants, but maximum transpiration was only 17% lower. Conductance in WS plots averaged 22% lower than in NI plots but transpiration rates were the same in both treatments. Yield reductions induced by O3were highly correlated (r2= 0.84) with daily transpiration. Stomata of O3‐stressed plants opened and closed at the same rate as control plants in response to changes in light intensity, suggesting that the mechanism of stomatal movement had not been impaired by exposure to O3. Reductions in conductance and transpiration in O3‐stressed plants were attributed to inhibition of photosynthesis by O3, leading to accumulation of CO2in intercellular spaces.