Electrocrystallization - theory and applications

After a summary of the theory, Winand's diagram is introduced. This diagram gives the fields of stability of Fischer's main types of electrodeposits as a function ot two main parameters: the ratio of the current density to the diffusion-limiting current density (mass transfer) and the inhibition. The diagram has been used at Université Libre de Bruxelles as the basis for the chloride electrode-position of metals, for high current density plating and electrorefining, and for initiating research concerning organic additives. Important industrial applications have been derived, especially in continuous steel sheet electroplating. New research areas in nucleation, and in the growth of thin films and foils are discussed.