Advances in the application of single-atom nanozymes for heavy metal ion detection, tumor therapy and antimicrobial therapy

In recent years, new nanomaterials have emerged, among which nanozyme materials are developing more rapidly. Researchers have widely used these nanozyme materials in various fields. A group of inorganic nanomaterials called nanozymes can imitate the function of real enzymes. It has the specificity of natural enzymes to catalyze specific substrates, and it also has the unique electrical conductivity and stability of nanomaterials. At this stage of development, single-atom nanozyme materials are very popular because they have more active sites than conventional nanozymes, making them more catalytically active, and the structural size is easily tunable, making it easier to obtain the materials needed for research projects. These advantages are particularly important in the analytical detection of biosensors, promising the construction of higher sensitivity and lower detection limits, and also making great progress in tumor therapy and antimicrobial therapy. In this paper, we summarize the current status of the application of single-atom nanozymes in detecting heavy metal ions, tumor markers, tumor therapy, and antimicrobial agents, and look forward to their development in the field of detection.