Review of green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles for diverse applications

Over the past few years, numerous researchers have worked on developing nanoparticles that are environmentally friendly and long-lasting. Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanotechnologies, which are growing increasingly limited for a wide range of uses in disciplines such as mechanical systems and the biological sciences, have a significant impact on emerging industries. Studies have become interested in the size and shape of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs due to their excellent durability, good electrical conductivity, nontoxicity, ability to absorb UV light and antimicrobial activity properties, all of which make them an excellent material for nanostructures. Chemical, physical and biological processes produce nanoparticles, which have a large surface area for their size. The chemical method costs far more than the green approach, while the method of delivery is quite expensive. This review focused on how inexpensive green methods can be used to control particle size and implement electronic structure. In the green synthesis of TiO2 NPs, comparing the different phases of crystalline structure depends on the formation of new energy levels, which leads to the recombination of charge carriers and an increase in the antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities of TiO2 nanomaterials. Thus, results and their multifunctional applications will be developed in the future.