Transcription Factor NF-κB: Role and Significance in the Neuroimmunoendocrine Regulation of Respiratory Function in Normal Conditions and in Lung Pathology

The problem of modern biomedicine is the elucidation of the multicomponent and multilevel mechanism of a single neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of physiological functions, which plays the role of a universal conductor of all life processes. Respiratory diseases lead in the structure of general morbidity among the population and remain one of the most pressing problems of modern healthcare. The spread of lung diseases is facilitated by lifestyle, air pollution, smoking, environment, infections, and genetic predisposition. Various risk factors can contribute to the development of pathologies such as pneumonia, lung cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and others. In addition, the rates of these diseases tend to increase every year. In this regard, verification and study of signaling molecules as factors involved in the neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of lung function in normal and pathological conditions, which on the one hand can be considered as biomarkers of disease prognosis, and on the other as potential targets for targeted effective therapy, is an urgent task of modern translational biomedicine. This literature review is devoted to study of the one of the key participants role in the neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of homeostasis – the transcription factor NF-κB in the regulation of respiratory function in health and the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Summarizing information on this topic is extremely important and promising for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the onset and course of diseases, and will also allow us to develop new approaches to targeted personalized therapy for socially significant pathologies: bronchial asthma, lung cancer, acute distress syndrome and COVID-19. A detailed study of the mechanisms of NF-κB activation and its relationship with other signaling pathways will lead to solving the main task of translational biomedicine – the development of innovative methods for the treatment and prevention of human diseases, including pathology of the respiratory system.