The modern pharmacological approach to diabetes: innovative methods of monitoring and insulin treatment

Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as just diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. In order to maintain this blood glucose value in normal parameters, a careful monitoring of it and insulin administration are necessary.Thus, to facilitate this procedure, new blood glucose monitoring systems have been studied. The smart lens, the nano tattoo, noninvasive sensors based on reverse ionthophoresis and glucose oxidase - based continuous blood glucose monitoring systems, are the methods described in this study. Of course, not only is blood glucose monitoring important, but also the lifestyle of a drug or the way a drug is administered, especially in the case of insulin. How insulin is administered is also a topic that we address in this article. In an attempt to promote compliance with the administration, we have discussed about new forms of administering insulin such as: oral, intranasal, administration on the oral mucosa and last but not least, transdermal administration.Further, the attention of specialists should be directed to devices based on sensors, with a role in the interruption of insulin administration, in case of detection of hypoglycemia or the additional dose of insulin, if hyperglycemia is detected.