Enhanced Mn(II)/peracetic acid by nitrilotriacetic acid to degrade organic contaminants: Role of Mn(V) and organic radicals

In this work, it was found that the presence of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) could enhance the elimination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) significantly in Mn(II)/peracetic acid (PAA) process. NTA firstly complexed with Mn(II) to produce Mn(II)-NTA complex, which could activate PAA producing CH3C(O)O· and Mn(III)-NTA complex. Subsequently, Mn(V) was generated via two-electron transfer between Mn(III)-NTA complex and PAA. According to the results of UV–vis spectrum analysis, scavenging experiments and chemical probe method, organic radicals and Mn(V) were proved to participate in SMX abatement and Mn(V) was the predominant reactive oxidant. Four possible degradation pathways of SMX in Mn(II)/PAA/NTA process including hydroxylation, amino oxidation, bond cleavage and coupling reaction were proposed based on six identified degradation products. Mn(II)/PAA/NTA process worked only in acidic and neutral conditions and the increase in PAA, Mn(II) or NTA concentration could accelerate SMX removal. This study provides a strategy for improving PAA activation by Mn(II) and an insight into SMX degradation mechanism by Mn(II)/PAA/NTA process.