Emergency Cesarean Section With Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation-A Case Report.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML), a rare disease encountered during pregnancy, is associated with high mortality secondary to consumptive coagulopathy and fatal bleeding diathesis. It usually presents as a medical emergency and warrants prompt diagnosis and treatment to improve maternal survival. This case report details a 19-year-old female with new onset APML who presented for emergency cesarean section because of respiratory distress and suspected placental abruption. Antifibrinolytics, which are commonly utilized to treat postpartum hemorrhage, were contraindicated because the patient was receiving all transretinoic acid (ATRA) therapy for APML. This case adds insight into the disease and its management along with anesthesia considerations for patients undergoing emergent caesarean delivery in the setting of acute disseminated intravascular coagulation and ATRA therapy. It also highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach to plan for treatment and timing of delivery that balances the risk of disease progression and fetal well-being. Such multidisciplinary care and proper planning helped in attaining the best possible outcomes for both mother and baby.